Know who actually controls India’s Artificial Intelligence, not India

India’s ambitious AI initiatives face substantial challenges because much of their critical infrastructure is owned by private entities rather than the government.
The majority of India’s “national compute capacity”—specifically, its GPUs—are imported from companies such as NVIDIA, AMD, and Google, making it prone to geopolitical and export control issues.
Over half of this compute capacity is controlled by a single private company, Yotta Data Services, raising risks of supply disruptions or financial troubles impacting India’s AI potential.
Despite substantial investment in semiconductor manufacturing programs, no operational semiconductor fab capable of producing AI-class chips currently exists in India, and domestic capabilities are still years, if not decades, away.
The AI policy and standards development includes participation from global Big Tech firms which have a significant influence and also provide the foundation tools and cloud platforms used by Indian AI practitioners.
India’s AI infrastructure is built on a foundation of corporate dominance and foreign hardware reliance, despite government efforts to promote indigenous capabilities and sovereignty.
Critical questions remain about how India will manage the risk of dependencies on dominant private providers and the geopolitical risks tied to foreign-made hardware.

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